GENERAL PHILOSOPHERS IDEAS IN EDUCATION.
Summary You must read: Prepared by Zacharia Emanuel, nduguzacharia@gmail.com, +255755350165.
1. JOHN DEWEY
- Education is the process of living through a continuous construction of experiences.
- Education is a not preparation for life but life itself.
- “Education is the laboratory in which philosophic distinctions become concrete and are tested.”
- Education goes all the way from the birth the individual to his demise/end.
- There is no absolutely truth, truth is temporary
- School should teach students how to be problem solvers.
- The concept of school and its curriculum are an epitome of the life experiences.
- Teaching method should be project method and experiment (participatory L earning)
- Education must develop the laboratory habit of mind
- The teacher is guider and director.
- The teacher is the prophet of the true God
- The teacher steers the boat but the energy that propels it must come from those who are learning.
2. SWAMI DAYANAND
- He left hoe in search for truth at the age of 15.
- Here is only one God to be worshiped
- Truth must be followed and falsehood shunned.
- Mother, father and teacher are three great tutors.
- Education of a child starts even before birth(before, during and after conception) .
- A teacher is a second parent
- Believed on free and compulsory education(Education for all)
- Advocated equality opportunity for women
- We should treat every human being with a dignity respect regardless of his social position, castle wealth or poverty.
3. MAHATMA GANDHI
- Truth and non-violence are fundamental words.
- God is there in every human being-not in the temple, church, mosque and synagogue.
- Teaching method must be activity method (Learning by doing).
- Mother tongue should be medium of instruction.
- A teacher is the role model and image of the society.
- A teacher is a true text book for the pupils.
- Teaching by examples and no corporal punishment.
- Hand writing is an art, every letter must be correctly drawn.
- Emphasized the value of self discipline in life.
- A man is born good and perfect
- By education, I mean an all round drawing out of the best in man-body, mind and sprit.
4. PLATO
- Education is the capacity to feel pleasure and pain at the right moment.
- The society should be divided into three groups, (gold boys silver boys and iron boys).
- The purpose of education is for the survival of the state or the society.
- Education must be compulsory to all( Education to all)
- Emphasized on women education.
- He wants motivation and interest in the learning and discouraged the use of force (corporal punishment).
- Virtue is the knowledge of how to live right.
5. JAMES AGGREY
- Education should be for development, reinstitution and self actualization of the society.
- The curriculum should teach vocational educational, technical education and industrial training and teaching local languages.
- A teacher is a second parent
- Education should address itself to the immediate problems of the black African society.
- Promoting local culture by teaching through local languages.
6. ARISTOTLE.
- Education is the creation of sound mind of sound mind in the sound body.
- The good man is not the one who does good thing, but someone who want to do goodness all the time.
- Education is the preparation of some worthy activity
- Education should be one and same for all, there should be no privately educated pupils.
- Sense experience is the only source of knowledge and discovering things by reasoning.
7. JEAN JACQUE RESSEAU
- Education is the child’s development from within.
- A woman is made special to please men
- A women do not require knowledge rather to learn embroidery, lace making, the art of decorating and housekeeping, sewing etc.
- The child should be brought alone away from the society which is the source of all evil in every child
- Don’t teach books “I hate books” teach by doing whatever you can
- Let the child be punished by the natural consequences
- A child is born naturally good by nature
- The nature of a child is fundamental and it should be given a due attention
- Let him(child) know nothing because you have told nothing but because he has learnt it on his own, let him not be taught science, let him discover it
8. PESTALOZZI JOHANN HEINIRICH
- Education is the natural, harmonious and progressive development of a man’s innate powers
- Advocated on child centered curriculum
- Nature teach better than men
- Insisted on intuitive method of instruction
- Children starts to discover when engaged to different activities
9. FROEBEB FEDERICK A. W.
- Education is the enfoldment of what is already enfolded in the gene
- He is the founder of Kindergarten system
- A teacher is similar to the gardener
- Learning occur through playing
- Insisted on gift and occupation
- Come, let us live for children
- Children should have specific material
- Control over children is to be exercised through knowledge of his interest by expression of love and sympathy.
10. MARIA MONTESSORI
- She was interested on education for children
- Children are born with mental powers/ innate power
- Children learn best through practical
- Helping in the complete unfolding of the child’s individuality
- The classroom should act as the place where children are free to move and work their own speed with their preferences
- Sensitive period in children development
- Playing is an important act in the process of learning
- Children love order and especially enjoy repetition of action that have already mustered
11. SOCRATE
- The founder of western education
- Emphasized on self knowledge, individual moral goods and critical thinking
- Used Socratic method (dialectical method of investigating problems through dialogue)
- Reasoning is the way of good life
- Our true happiness is promoted by doing what is right
- The main function of a teacher is to stimulate mental activity by providing suggestions and guidance.
12. J.K. NYERERE
- Introduced Education for Self Reliance
- Education should services in the community
- Education should serves as the tool to achieve goodness of the society
- Society is served by truth
- People cannot be developed, they can only develop themselves
- Education function as the instrument to uphold and maintains the norms and ethical of the society for the sake of its survival and continuity
- An education must inculcate a sense of commitment to the total community and help pupils to accept values appropriately to our kind of future, not appropriate to our colonial past
- Universities and their products should stand up for the truth as they see it, regardless of their of their personal consequences to themselves
13. PAUL FRERE
- Education should attempt to eliminate the different between teacher and student
- Education is used as oppressive by the bourgeoisies
- The role of a teacher is to supervise or to facilitate and not to instruct
- School should be part of the community
OTHERS:
- Education is the development of real wisdom(ERASMUS DESIDERIUS)
- Education is the preparation of the individual for the reciprocal union with the society(HARRIS T. WILLIUM)
- Education is the development of the whole man( COMENIUS J. AMOS)
- Education is the preparation for complete living( SPENCER HERBART)
- Education is the process of developing physical healthy, manual and moral training of a man(RUSKIN JOHN)
- Education is the lifelong learning process that can take place in an infinity variety of circumstances and contexts( GEORGE KNIGHT)
THANKS
